Considered to be the most important conductor of the 20th century, Wilhelm Furtwängler (1886-1954) successively led the Berlin Philharmonic, the Leipzig Gewandhaus, the New York Philharmonic and the Berlin Opera. The German composer and conductor, a fierce opponent of the ruling Nazi Party, found refuge in Switzerland. Back at the helm of the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra in 1948, the Beethoven, Bruckner and Wagner specialist also worked at the Lucerne and Bayreuth festivals.
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